Be a man

intelligentsia (知識份子；知識份子界)

[字根]俄文的”intelligéntsiya”，出自拉丁文”intelligentia“。

[字義]源於革命前的俄國(露西亞Russia)，鼓勵知識份子活動的國家角色(the part of a nation)；被視為具文化與政治開創性的社會階級。
The part of a nation, orig. in pre-revolutionary Russia, that aspires to intellectual activity; the class of society regarded as possessing culture and political initiative(首創者).

[引用]
1907，Intelligenzia，指受過教育的中產階級。
1910，描述了知識份子(intelligenzia)的悲觀與無能。
1914，所謂知識份子(intelligentsia)的重要性與意義。
1916，他們就是那種和俄國知識份子一樣的人，有空想的不負責中產階級。
1921，一種迂腐狹窄的知識份子(intelligentsia)
1922，那些已拒絕參戰的流浪或離群的知識份子。
1922，他告訴我，他屬於那些知識份子，他不射殺那些資本家。
1924，它不是知識份子界，而是聚集在那的知識份子團體(intellectual society)。
1944，當他們發現他們的老朋友，不再查驗他們參與瓦斯操作熱水器的不義之財(easy money)，對那些知識份子來說，是個沉痛的打擊。(It was a painful shock to the intelligentsia..when they discovered that their old friend was not going to prove the geyser of easy money they had anticipated.)
1949，那些知識份子，是社區裡最有影響力的團體(巿長、司祭和醫生)
1956，知識份子(intelligentsia)這個字，已經在局部和廣泛的生活裡，被行政與文化的媒介(intermediary)所使用了。
1971，知識份子的革命傾向，已經確切地和教育菁英與大眾百姓間的文化隔閡相連結了。(Weiner 1989)

1907 M. BARING Year in Russia vii. 77 They [sc. the revolutionaries] fear that if the question of a Republic is brought forward there will be a general massacre(大屠殺) of the educated bourgeoisie, the so-called ‘Intelligenzia’.
1910 Landmarks Russian Lit. iii. 68 Chekov has depicted the pessimism(悲觀) and the ineffectiveness of the ‘intelligenzia’.
1914 Round Table Dec. 115 The importance and meaning of the so-called intelligentsia.
1916 H. G. WELLS Mr. Britling I. ii. 62 They are the sort of equivalent of the Russian Intelligentsia, an irresponsible middle class with ideas.
1921 A. HUXLEY Let. 31 May (1969) 197 The English colony [at Florence] is a queer collection; a sort of decayed provincial intelligentsia.
1922 C. E. M. JOAD Highbrows vi. 224 Those waifs and strays of the intelligentsia who had resolutely refused to participate in the war.
1922 C. SIDGWICK Victorian xxviii. 211 He told me ..that he belonged to the Intelligentsia and that he was out to shoot capitalists.
1924 GALSWORTHY White Monkey I. ix, It was not the intelligentsia, but just intellectual society, which was gathered there.
1940 WODEHOUSE Eggs, Beans & Crumpets 75 It was a painful shock to the intelligentsia..when they discovered that their old friend was not going to prove the geyser of easy money they had anticipated.
1949 I. T. SANDERS Balkan Village i. 7 The intelligentsia, as they were called by the [Bulgarian] peasants, were the most influential group in the community... I was sure to find several of them playing cards... The mayor..could watch..the municipal building... The priest could look..to the church just beyond. The village doctor's husband was near in case his wife needed him.
1956 R. REDFIELD Peasant Society & Culture ii. 61 To the administrative and cultural intermediaries between local life and wider life the word ‘intelligentsia’ has long been applied.
1971 H. SETON-WATSON in A. Bullock 20th Cent. 139/1 The revolutionary propensity of the intelligentsia has been definitely correlated with the extent of the cultural gap between the educated élite and the mass of the people.


Weiner, J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. 1989. The Oxford English dictionary: Oxford: Clarendon Press; Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.